Reported Speech

Reported speech (also called indirect speech) is used to tell someone what another person said, without using the exact words. When we use reported speech, we usually change the tense and pronouns.

Basic Structure

Direct Speech: "I am tired," she said. Reported Speech: She said (that) she was tired.

Tense Changes

When the reporting verb is in the past tense, we usually move the tenses "back":

Present to Past

• Direct: "I work here."
• Reported: He said he worked there.

Past to Past Perfect

• Direct: "I worked late."
• Reported: She said she had worked late.

Present Perfect to Past Perfect

• Direct: "I have finished."
• Reported: He said he had finished.

Future to Conditional

• Direct: "I will come."
• Reported: She said she would come.

Pronoun Changes

Change pronouns to match the new perspective:

• Direct: "I like your car."
• Reported: He said he liked my car.

Time and Place Changes

Time and place references often change:

• today → that day
• yesterday → the day before / the previous day
• tomorrow → the next day / the following day
• here → there
• this → that

Reporting Questions

Yes/No Questions

• Direct: "Are you coming?"
• Reported: She asked if/whether I was coming.

Wh-Questions

• Direct: "Where do you live?"
• Reported: He asked where I lived.

Reporting Commands

Use tell/ask + someone + to + infinitive:

• Direct: "Close the door."

• Reported: He told me to close the door.

• Direct: "Don't be late."

• Reported: She asked me not to be late.

Common Reporting Verbs

• say (+ that): He said that he was busy.
• tell (+ someone + that): She told me that she was leaving.
• ask (for questions): They asked if we were ready.
• explain: The teacher explained that the test was postponed.
• suggest: He suggested that we should go early.

Practice Examples

1. Direct: "I have never been to Paris," said Mary. Reported: Mary said she had never been to Paris.

2. Direct: "Can you help me?" asked John. Reported: John asked if I could help him.

3. Direct: "Don't touch that!" shouted the guard. Reported: The guard told us not to touch that.

4. Direct: "I will call you tomorrow," she promised. Reported: She promised she would call me the next day.

Special Cases

Modal Verbs

• can → could
• may → might
• must → had to
• will → would
• shall → should

No Tense Change

When the reporting verb is in the present tense or when the statement is still true:

• Direct: "The earth is round," said the teacher.
• Reported: The teacher says/said the earth is round.

Common Mistakes

1. Don't use quotation marks in reported speech
2. Remember to change pronouns appropriately
3. Don't forget to adjust time expressions
4. Use 'if' or 'whether' for yes/no questions, not 'that'

Practice Exercises

Transform these sentences into reported speech:

1. "I am reading a good book," she said.
2. "Did you see the movie?" he asked.
3. "Don't forget to lock the door," my mother told me.
4. "We will arrive at 6 PM," they said.
5. "Where is the nearest bank?" the tourist asked.

Answers:

1. She said she was reading a good book.
2. He asked if I had seen the movie.
3. My mother told me not to forget to lock the door.
4. They said they would arrive at 6 PM.
5. The tourist asked where the nearest bank was.